01About This Special Issue
Linguistics of saying studies language in its birth. Language is the mental activity executed by speaking subjects. It consists in analyzing speech acts as the result of an act of knowing. Speaking subjects speak because they have something to say; they say because they define themselves before the circumstance they are in; and this is possible because they are able to know. Speaking is speaking, saying and knowing. There is a progressive determination. Knowing makes possible saying, and saying determines speaking. The problem thus is to determine the intentional meaningful purpose of the individual speaker in every speech act.Linguistics of saying is a proposal made by the Spanish philosopher Ortega y Gasset, formulated by me in 2004 . It starts from language considered in its birth. Language is born whenever it is spoken. Language thus does not have concrete existence: it is mental activity, the creation of meanings; a particular language is something virtual, that is, linguistic knowledge, the knowledge of speakers to speak thus consisting in a technical knowledge; and speech is nothing but the intentional meaningful purpose of speakers. The only thing with concrete existence is speaking subjects, human beings as they execute the activity of speaking, which is not merely the use of words to create utterances but the activity consisting in speaking, saying and knowing things and the world constituted of things.
Human subjects speak because they have something to say. They say because they define themselves before the circumstance they are in, thus creating things and a world constituted of things. This is possible because they are able to know. Subjects apprehend and create things thus adding something new. Language thus consists of speaking, saying and knowing. In its deepest genesis knowing is first; then, saying, and finally, speaking. Speaking is nothing but the manifestation of both knowing and saying.
Speech acts are to be examined when created. Language manifests in speech acts. You can only verify speech acts, innumerable speech acts. They are entirely new, thus consisting of both utterances and the topics utterances deal with. Together with words they are the creation of contents or logos, or thought. Linguistics of saying analyses language out of contents. It consists thus in interpretation, hermeneutics, “the crossroads and mutual connection of different disciplines, linked together purposefully by a man’s self-reflection” .
Part Second:
Linguistics of saying was proposed by the philosopher Ortega y Gasset, who spoke from the point of view of philosophy. My development of his ideas consists in proposing and executing that theory within the limits of language and linguistics. Because of this I cannot propose other authors.
02Meet the Guest Editors
Our distinguished editors bring deep subject-matter expertise to curate high-quality research and ensure a rigorous peer-review process.
Lead Guest Editor
Jesús Martínez del Castillo
Department of English,University of Almería, Almería, Spain
Guest Editor
Emma Tamaianu-Morita
Department of Regional Studies and Humanities, Akita University, Akita City, Japan
Guest Editor
Lali Kushitashvili
Centre of education and Professional Training, Tbilisi, Georgia
Guest Editor
Anahita Bajoul
, Iran
Guest Editor
Estanislao Ramón Trives
Department of Spanish and General Linguistics, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
Guest Editor
Jorge Wiesse
Departamento Académico de Humanidades, Universidad del Pacífico, Lima, Peru
03Published Articles
The following articles have been published in this special issue.
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Parolization and Linguistics of Saying
Issue: Volume 3, Issue 6-1, November 2015Pages: 112-116Received: 26 September 2015Accepted: 28 September 2015Published: 12 October 2015Abstract: Parolization, a term coined by Jürgen Trabant following Eugenio Coseriu’s guidelines, consists in the actualization of a text –seen as Ferdinand de Saussure’s langue– in reading or interpretation –seen as parole. This paper argues that parolization could be better understood if considered as an act of knowing, saying and speaking, that is, as the o... Show More -
Language and Thought Convergence (Poetic Grammar)
Issue: Volume 3, Issue 6-1, November 2015Pages: 109-111Received: 26 September 2015Accepted: 28 September 2015Published: 12 October 2015Abstract: The dichotomy between thought and language is resolved in the productive act of knowledge. Language is a creative product of cognitive function according to the development of the human brain. It happens while maintaining a modal resonance of its constitution in sensitive and perceptive world contact. Each of its units gives access to this phenomen... Show More -
The Transcendental Reality of Matter: An Interpretation
Issue: Volume 3, Issue 6-1, November 2015Pages: 105-108Received: 23 April 2015Accepted: 24 April 2015Published: 9 May 2015Abstract: This paper is a study about the Transcendental Reality of matter. I want to investigate what is the extent of the word matter , dealing with it as a lexeme not merely reflecting reality but highlighting it, as Paul Klee proposes. Properly speaking the title of the paper should say “The Horizon of the Utopic-Transcendental Reality of ‘Matter’”. -
Issue: Volume 3, Issue 6-1, November 2015Pages: 96-104Received: 26 March 2015Accepted: 26 March 2015Published: 11 April 2015Abstract: Language exists because human subjects define themselves in the circumstance they are in. This is possible because they are able to know, not directly through their senses only, but adding something new to the construct they create in their conscience. The main thing they add to the construct created is categories, something invented or fabricated ... Show More
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Modes of Thinking and Language Change: The Loss of Inflexions in Old English
Issue: Volume 3, Issue 6-1, November 2015Pages: 85-95Received: 25 March 2015Accepted: 25 March 2015Published: 8 April 2015Abstract: The changes known as the loss of inflexions in English (11th- 15th centuries, included) were prompted with the introduction of a new mode of thinking. The mode of thinking, for the Anglo-Saxons, was a dynamic way of conceiving of things. Things were considered events happening. With the contacts of Anglo-Saxons with, first, the Romano-British; seco... Show More -
Modes of Thinking in Language Study
Issue: Volume 3, Issue 6-1, November 2015Pages: 77-84Received: 21 March 2015Accepted: 23 March 2015Published: 31 March 2015Abstract: When we speak of language we usually use the concept of a particular language. In this sense the concept denoted with the word language may vary from one language to another. Real language (=the language spoken) on the contrary, is the reality lived by speakers thus encompassing complex and multifarious activities. Depending on the language spoken,... Show More -
Issue: Volume 3, Issue 6-1, November 2015Pages: 67-76Received: 12 March 2015Accepted: 12 March 2015Published: 18 March 2015Abstract: Meaning as the original function of language is the arrangement of internal things on the part of the creative and historical individual subject who speaks a particular language. Meaning constitutes the series of contents making up the linguistic world human subjects can manage real things with. Real things are not described with meanings but merel... Show More
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Issue: Volume 3, Issue 6-1, November 2015Pages: 59-66Received: 12 February 2015Accepted: 15 February 2015Published: 13 March 2015Abstract: The most comprehensive manifestation of language can be seen in the activity of speaking. In itself the activity of speaking cannot be understood unless it is referred to the concepts of language and a language. Anything in language can be found in the activity of speaking. Because of this you can find what language is if you abstract from the innu... Show More
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Issue: Volume 3, Issue 6-1, November 2015Pages: 50-58Received: 18 February 2015Accepted: 23 February 2015Published: 5 March 2015Abstract: Meaning defines language because it is the internal function of language. At the same time, meaning does not exist unless in language and because of language. From the point of view of the speaking subject meaning is contents of conscience. From the point of view of a language, meaning is the objectification of knowledge in linguistic signs. And fr... Show More
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Determining the Degree of Reality of Language
Issue: Volume 3, Issue 6-1, November 2015Pages: 39-49Received: 2 February 2015Accepted: 2 February 2015Published: 14 February 2015Abstract: Speakers live language, that is, they intuit, create, acquire, perform, speak and say, interpret, use, evaluate and, even, speak of language. The real language is the language lived by speakers. On the contrary linguists, who at the same time are speakers and linguists, study language as something manifesting of front of them. In order to study lan... Show More -
The Speech Act as an Act of Knowing
Issue: Volume 3, Issue 6-1, November 2015Pages: 31-38Received: 21 January 2015Accepted: 22 January 2015Published: 14 February 2015Abstract: Language is nothing but human subjects in as much as they speak, say and know. Language is something coming from the inside of the speaking subject manifest in the meaningful intentional purpose of the individual speaker. A language, on the contrary, is something coming from the outside, from the speech community, something offered to the speaking ... Show More -
Fixing the Content Created in the Act of Knowing
Issue: Volume 3, Issue 6-1, November 2015Pages: 24-30Received: 12 January 2015Accepted: 16 January 2015Published: 27 January 2015Abstract: The human subject in as much as he knows transforms the sensitive and concrete (the thing perceived) into abstract (an image of the thing perceived), the abstract into an idea (imaginative representation of the thing abstracted), and ideas into contents of conscience (meanings). The last step in the creation of meanings, something being executed in... Show More -
The Process of Abstraction in the Creation of Meanings
Issue: Volume 3, Issue 6-1, November 2015Pages: 11-23Received: 7 January 2015Accepted: 8 January 2015Published: 14 January 2015Abstract: Linguistics of Saying is to be analyzed in the speech act conceived of as an act of knowing. The speaking, saying and knowing subject, based on contexts and the principles of congruency and confidence in the speech of other speakers, will create meanings and interpret the sense of utterances supplying the deficiencies of language by means of the in... Show More -
The Meaningful Intentional Purpose of the Individual Speaker
Issue: Volume 3, Issue 6-1, November 2015Pages: 5-10Received: 22 December 2014Accepted: 27 December 2014Published: 10 January 2015Abstract: Linguistics of saying studies language in its birth. Language is the mental activity executed by speaking subjects. Linguistics of saying consists in analyzing speech acts as the result of an act of knowing. Speaking subjects speak because they have something to say; they say because they define themselves before the circumstance they are in; and t... Show More -
Linguistics of Saying, Presentation
Issue: Volume 3, Issue 6-1, November 2015Pages: 1-4Received: 15 December 2014Accepted: 17 December 2014Published: 10 January 2015Abstract: Linguistics of Saying is a theory about language based on a particular conception of what to be a human being is. Human subjects are free and historical. The aim of linguistics of saying is thought and its means is the analysis of speech acts conceived of as acts of knowing. In this sense linguistics of saying is hermeneutics, both transcendental a... Show More
