In the Special issue, we would like to consider the actual issues of adult and reparative neurogenesis and the expected means of regulating these processes and participation of neurochemical intercellular signaling in spatio-temporal organization of these processes. Currently, great attention concentrated on a questions about interaction of nervous and immune systems and the involvement of these systems in the organization of inflammatory responses after brain and spinal cord injuries. Interesting and relevant techniques are in vivo video monitoring of immune system´s cells, involved in the inflammatory response after trauma of CNS. Speed of the cellular response in traumatic brain injuries determinates by the relationship between proliferation and apoptosis. Efficiency of repair processes associated with the process of elimination and disposal of damaged cells in brain´s centers or pathways. Factors of neuroprotection are other relevant substances, which protect cells from the toxic effects of inflammatory mediators and therefore contribute to a more rapid recovery of damaged areas of CNS. Gaseous mediators, such as NO, H2S and CO have low molecular weight and play a major role in intercellular communications during reparative processes and traumatic injury. Their broad regulatory influence extends to various aspects of the functional activity of central nervous system in normal conditions and after damaged influence. Particular attention in this issue will be paid to morphogenetic influence of such agents. As a result of adult and reparative neurogenesis in proliferative areas of brain generated various types of cells, including neurons. The rate of generation of new neurons in proliferative areas of brain determines the effectiveness of reparative neurogenesis. Exploration of new regenerative-associated factors involved in the production of new cells in the adult brain and determine the success of the repair in regenerative competent organisms for understanding of mechanisms these processes have great importance.
02Meet the Guest Editors
Our distinguished editors bring deep subject-matter expertise to curate high-quality research and ensure a rigorous peer-review process.
Lead Guest Editor
Evgeniya Pushchina
Laboratory of Cytophysiology, A.V., Zhirmunskii Institute of Marine Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
Guest Editor
Sachin Shukla
SSR Stem Cell Laboratory, Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
Guest Editor
Anatoly Varaksin
Institute of Marine Biology, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
03Published Articles
The following articles have been published in this special issue.
Abstract: Apoptosis in various cerebellar zones of juvenile masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou after mechanical injury was investigated by TUNEL-labeling. In the brain of 4 month-old juveniles of O. masou growth in different parts of cerebellum and proliferative activity in secondary matrix zones of cerebellum were continued. TUNEL-labeling was observed in the injured cerebellum 2 days after damage. The induction of proliferative activity in different matrix zones: granular eminences, dorsal part of molecular layer and surface layers of corpus cerebellum were noted. The proliferative activity in regional neurogenic niches is increased after injury of cerebellum. The maximal number of apoptotic elements in the cerebellum was observed in zones of the radial cell migration. We suggest that in damaged cerebellum both adult born cells and cells formed as a result of the reparative neurogenesis can be eliminated during radial migration as result of natural morphogenetic processes. Patterns of tangential and radial migration of cells were observed near the area of injury. The highest rate of apoptosis index was detected in the dorsal matrix zone corresponding to the zone of secondary neurogenesis. This testifies to the elimination of the newly formed cells at the stage of their localization in the matrix zones. The intensity of the apoptotic response varies in different areas of O. masou cerebellum.Abstract: Apoptosis in various cerebellar zones of juvenile masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou after mechanical injury was investigated by TUNEL-labeling. In the brain of 4 month-old juveniles of O. masou growth in different parts of cerebellum and proliferative activity in secondary matrix zones of cerebellum were continued. TUNEL-labeling was observed in the i...Show More
Abstract: We used multiphoton confocal microscopy for the in vivo study of early response of macrophages/microglia in the damaged midbrain of juvenile chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta. The results obtained allow the use of injection of DiI in the area of brain injury as a method to identify a population of phagocytic cells in the brain, based on the physiological response of macrophages/microglia. Thus, the injury with injection of small particles of dye DiI causes the phagocytic response from macrophages within a 30 minutes after the application of the damaging effects. This allows the use of DiI as a vital nonspecific marker of macrophages/microglia. It can be regarded as an effective method of identifying populations of phagocytic cells in the brain, as the effective molecular markers that allow selective identification of populations of macrophages and microglia in the brain of the fish have not been developed so far. We supposed that using multiphoton confocal microscopy in vivo experiments allow to have the substantial preference. Damage to living cells decreases photo induced processes, because of the much lower absorption of tissues and cells in the infrared region as compared with the ultraviolet one. For this reason, it provides more depth of penetration in biological objects (animal). The main beneficial consequence of this is the better survival of a biological object with good image quality.Abstract: We used multiphoton confocal microscopy for the in vivo study of early response of macrophages/microglia in the damaged midbrain of juvenile chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta. The results obtained allow the use of injection of DiI in the area of brain injury as a method to identify a population of phagocytic cells in the brain, based on the physiologic...Show More
Abstract: Localization of TH- and NO-producing systems in the diencephalon of juvenile masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou was investigated by using histofluorescence labeling of glyoxylic acid (GA), and ICH labeling of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). High density distribution of catecholaminergic and NO-ergic cells has been found in preoptic, posterior tuberal and hypothalamic areas. Cells revealed in above mentioned diencephalic areas were assigned to three main types: pear-shaped, bipolar and rounded. Most of the TH- and NO-producing cells had the phenotype of undifferentiated elements localized on territory of diencephalic matrix zones. Paracrine and autocrine relationships between TH- and NO-producing cells in periventricular diencephalon of juvenile O. masou before formation of blood-brain barrier have been hypothesized. The lack of differentiated cells and the presence of a large variety of size groups of cells indicate a possible heterochrony in growth and differentiation of O. masou diencephalic areas. Location of catecholaminergic and NO-producing cells in the territory of diencephalic matrix zones suggests that catecholamines and nitric oxide are involved in the regulation of post-embryonic neurogenesis in diencephalon of O. masou.Abstract: Localization of TH- and NO-producing systems in the diencephalon of juvenile masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou was investigated by using histofluorescence labeling of glyoxylic acid (GA), and ICH labeling of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). High density distribution of catecholaminergic and NO-ergic cells has been f...Show More
Issue: Volume 3, Issue 2-3, April 2015Pages: 19-27Received: 23 February 2015Accepted: 24 February 2015Published: 5 March 2015Abstract: Apoptosis in various cerebellar zones of juvenile masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou after mechanical injury was investigated by TUNEL-labeling. In the brain of 4 month-old juveniles of O. masou growth in different parts of cerebellum and proliferative activity in secondary matrix zones of cerebellum were continued. TUNEL-labeling was observed in the i... Show More